The Emergency Contraceptives and its' side Effects.

 

What is Emergency Contraceptive Pills ?

Is an oral emergency contraceptive. It may help to prevent a pregnancy if taken within 72 hours of unprotected sexual intercourse or failure of a contraceptive method. EC Pills contains a synthetic luteal hormone-like active substance, Levonorgestrel.

 

When can EC pills be used and how effective is the preparation?

It can be used on emergency situation only on any day or hours and it is suitable as an emergency measure.Emergency Contraceptive Pill does not prevent a pregnancy in every instance. It has been estimated that EC Pill prevent 85% of expected pregnancies.

Efficacy appears to decline with time after intercourse 95% within 24 hours, 85% between 24 and 48 hours , 58% if used between 48 and 72 hours. Efficacy after 72 hours is unknown.

If you are uncertain about the timing of unprotected intercourse or if you have had unprotected sex more than 72 hours earlier in the same menstrual cycle, conception may have occurred. Treatment with EC Pill following the second act of intercourse may therefore be ineffective in preventing pregnancy. EC Pill is not effective as a conventional regular method of contraception, you should consider long term methods of contraception such as contraceptive implant (lasts up to 3 years) or IUS (up to 5 years) or IUD, also called coil (5 to 10 years)

 

When should EC Pill not to be taken

Emergency Contraceptive Pill should not be taken in case of Hypersensitivity to any of the ingredients of the preparation and when there is evidence of conception.

 

Special warnings and precautions for the use EC Pills.

If pregnancy occurs after treatment with EC Pill, the possibility of an ectopic pregnancy should be considered. The use of EC Pill should be considered in patients with severe hepatic dysfunction.

Severe malabsorption diseases such as Chron’s disease, might impair the efficacy of EC Pill.

Repeated administration within a menstrual cycle is not advisable because of the possibility of disturbance of the cycle.

Notice: after you have taken the EC Pill , it is important that you make an appointment to see your doctor to ask him or her about regular methods of contraception that are suitable for you.

Medicines that limit the efficacy of the EC Pills: concomitantly may enhance the metabolism of the active ingredient of the preparation, may include; medicines to treat epilepsy, fungal infections, antibiotics, as well as herbal medicines containing St. John’s Wort.

 

Does Administration of Emergency Contraceptive Pill causes Menstrual Changes ?

.According the packages insert, it can causes changes to your menstrual cycle such as heavy flow or lighter bleeding or getting your menses earlier or later than normal. If your menses is late by more than 5 days or you have it at the normal time, it is abnormal or if you suspect pregnancy, feeling sick nausea, vomiting, breast tenderness etc, you should contact your doctor.

 

Is it safe to take Morning After Pills or Plan B or Emergency Contraceptive Pills Regularly ?

You can take EC Pill more than once a month, but we do not recommend using it as a main form of birth control, not only because you will have have irregular cycles.

There is no evidence that taking the morning after pill, even in multiple times, will affect your fertility in the future or make your womb infertile.

 

World Health Organization: recommendations for provision of emergency contraception

All women and girls at risk of an unintended pregnancy have a right to access emergency contraception and these methods should be routinely included within all national family planning programs. Moreover, emergency contraception should be integrated into health care services for populations most at risk of exposure to unprotected sex, including post-sexual assault care and services for women and girls living in emergency and humanitarian settings.

Repost on current update of the Monkeypox virus.

          THE EMERGING MONKEYPOX

The Monkeypox is a rare zoonotic viral disease with symptoms similar to smallpox disease.
Monkeypox disease is most prominent in central and west Africa and has spread to many
Areas of the world.It is caused by monkeypox virus, a member of the Orthopoxvirus genus in the family of poxviridae.It is self limited disease with symptoms lasting from two to three weeks.Severe cases can occur.

Epidemiology of Monkeypox

Monkeypox disease can be traced back in 1972, where first monkeypox virus first documented in human and the outbreak occurred in many countries in Central, West Africa and Europe.
Recently, outbreak of monkey is ongoing in many countries since early May,2022 and the total of 219 confirmed cases have been reported worldwide, with most cases being detected in young men, self identifying as men who have sex with men.
Influence and the effects on the population
Though natural reservoir of monkeypox has not yet been  identified, animals like rodents are the most likely.Monkeypox can spread to person through direct contact with the infected person and contact with the infected animals.In most cases, the symptoms of monkeypox go away on their own within a few weeks, but it can also lead to medical complications and even death.People with underlying immune deficiencies may be at risk of more serious symptoms and death from monkeypox. Serious health conditions from monkeypox include secondary skin infections similar eradicated smallpox, pneumonia, and eye problems.

                                              Socioeconomic Implications of Monkeypox

The implication of monkeypox outbreak on live of the people should be a significant public health concern especially for people living in endemic areas.The economic cost of living will increase as a result of low production,the government and the World Health Organization will put in more resources to curb the outbreak leading increase in government expenditure and other like  waning of immunity, inadequate housing and health infrastructure,fear of consuming bushmeat,fear of traveling to endemic areas for business and tourist are all negative impacts on the economy.
Treatment of Monkeypox
Currently, there is no develop vaccine for the monkeypox virus infections.
However,monkeypox and smallpox viruses are genetically similar, which means
That antiviral drugs and and vaccines develop to protect against smallpox may be used to prevent and treat monkeypox virus monkeypox virus infections. Antiviral such as tecovirimat , may be recommended for people, who are more likely to get
Severe complications of the monkeypox. Like patient with immune system

                                                  Prevention of Monkeypox Outbreak
These are several steps that can be taken to prevent the infection with Monkeypox. Minimize skin to skin contact especially with the infected person and infected animals.Clean and disinfect frequently touched surfaces.
Especially sick or death,thoroughly cook all foods contain animal meat and practicing good hands hygiene. Embarking on health awareness campaign about the risk factors to raise alarm of the outbreak every parts of the world. Currently, vaccine of the smallpox is being used to curb the condition

Conclusion

Monkeypox is ordinarily found in countries in West and Central with tropical rainforests but recently the disease has been discovered in more than 20 countries
Including Great Britain, Spain, Portugal, Italy,Switzerland, United States, Israel and Australia. More than 500 cases have been reported, many apparently tied to sexual activity at two recent raves in Europe. One death has been reported worldwide.
We must have one connected global response to monkeypox to avoid it becoming
Endemic in more countries.

Reference;

    1.    Rimoin AW. MulembakaniPM.JohnstonSC.et al,
Major increase in human monkeypox
Incidence 30 years after smallpox vaccination
Campaigns cease in the Democratic Republic of Congo.

    2.    UK Health Security Agency
Monkeypox cases confirmed in England latest updates
Http://www.gov.uk.government/news/monkeypox-cases-confirmed-in-england-latest-updates.
      3.  WHO Monkeypox Outbreak Updates
           amp.washingtontimes.com/news/2022